As discouraging it is to lose your place to foreclosure, borrowers may still be liable for the deficiency amount. It’s the difference of what’s owed on the house loan and what the bank could sell for at an auction. “Deficiency judgments” can come after ex-borrowers at any unexpected time-frame after they have lost their house.

It can be an unexpected surprise for anyone who have sold their house through a short sale where the lender agreed to sell the house for less than the mortgage owed.

Vanessa Corey who made a short-sale on her Fredericksburg, VA home in April of 2008 is a real life example. After building her house in 2004, unforeseen setbacks which led to a bitter divorce coupled with the economic housing crisis forced her to sell the house through a short-sale arrangement.

As a property agent, she assumed the lender had agreed to disregard the difference in amount owed after the short-sale. Late last year, her legal representative produced a letter from her lender with a demand to pay an owed amount of $65,000. As she didn’t have the money, she declared bankruptcy.

Many lenders refuse to comment regarding the issue of ‘deficiency judgments’. In the case of Corey’s lender, BT&T clearly indicated that they were pursuing more homeowners with deficiencies.

How Do You Avoid A Deficiency Judgment? It depends on which state the homeowner resides in. Other things include if the borrower has a second mortgage or other liens. It can definitely hurt homeowners if they disregarded the issue altogether.

According to Richard Zaretsky, a certified real estate attorney in West Palm Beach, Fla, once your lender has a judgment on you, they can come after you irrespective of where you live. They can request for your financial records, have your wages garnished and place you in jail if you fail to respond.

Financial firms can legally impose deficiency judgments in more than thirty states with the inclusion Fla, NY and TX states.

In some states such as California and Arizona, they are both considered ‘non-recourse’ or prohibit ‘deficiency judgments’. The other remaining 10 states that prohibit deficiency judgments are Alaska, Iowa, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington and Wisconsin.

As financial institutions are likely to agree in forgiving the deficiency amount, many ex-homeowners do not know that they are needed to opt for a release. This can be done by having your legal representative demand a release from your financial lender.

Zaretsky says that homeowners should not take things for granted assuming that a deficiency judgment will not return and hit them. He believes that many of these judgments will be pursued over several years to come. It is important to note that these accounts were sold at a loss to various collection firms and third-party investors. These firms would not have purchased these loans if they weren’t eager in recovering the amount they paid for them.

Banks or collection firms do not act in obtaining judgments right away. As a strategy, they may act patient and allow debtors to financially improve prior to filing with the legal system. For example, banks have up to five years to file in Florida state. Once judgment is obtained, the bank has up to twenty years to pursue the debt with interest.

Financial institutions and debt collection companies can hunt down ex-homeowners in spite of a minor debt. In 2004, Mr. Varno and his spouse achieved a short-sale arrangement with their property after he was laid off from his job. In 2008, to his surprise, the second lien holder demanded 25 K from him. Mr. Varno explained that they had already released the title thus making him not indebted to the 2nd lien holder.

Unfortunately, that was not the case. The release of the title does not mean that the debt will be extinguished. Due to the diverse variations in state laws, in general, a mortgage responsibility consists of 2 parts. The first part is the collateral in which the pledge is the asset or house. The second part is the promise and agreement to pay back the loan.

Banks may let go of liens in order to facilitate a short-sale. Doing so does not mean that the banks will also disregard the borrowers’ contractual promise to pay back the debt which are outlined in the promissory documents. Once the property is sold, the secured debt can change into an unsecured debt.

Zaretsky pointed out to one of his customers who went over the mountain when he got a short-sale. He blindly signed away all the papers that his loan agent had given him with the inclusion of a document that made him still legally responsible for the debt.

He was clueless about the fact that the bank could convert the statement into a deficiency judgment through the legal courts.

Lenders can also be unreliable. Zaretsky had another client who was willing and financially able to pay off the deficiency but the bank did not bother asking as they reserve the right to pursue the deficiency judgment at a later point.

Property agent Mr. Tolchinsky from Florida, mentioned that banks can sometimes pursue borrowers who abandon their home with the knowledge that they may have money or other assets they can pursue.

Banks will research to see if it was a pure walking-away attempt where the borrower truly could not afford to make his or her mortgage payments. If they find out that the borrower has been making timely payments and is in financially sound status, he or she maybe targeted for the deficiency.

If in doubt, it is advisable to seek legal advice to ensure that your short-sale or deed in lieu agreement does not contain any deficiencies therefore allowing your lender to pursue you in the future. To alleviate any risks, it is important for your attorney or counselor to negotiate the deficiency out of the short-sale or deed in lieu contract.

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